3月26日在韩国首尔，美国总统奥巴马在韩国外国语大学发表演讲。奥巴马此行韩国参加26日至27日在韩国首都首尔举行的第二次核安全峰会。
Obama’s Speech at Hankuk University in Seoul
奥巴马在韩国外国语大学的演讲
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you so much. Thank you. (Applause.) Please, thank you very much.
奥巴马总统：谢谢你们。（掌声）非常感谢。谢谢。（掌声）非常感谢。
To President Park, faculty, staff and students, thank you so much for this very warm welcome. It is a great honor to be here at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. (Applause.) I want to thank Dr. Park for, a few moments ago, making me an honorary alumni of the university. (Applause.)
朴（Park）校长、教职员工和同学们，非常感谢你们这么热情的欢迎。来到韩国外国语大学令我深感荣幸。（掌声）我要感谢朴博士刚才宣布我为贵校的荣誉校友。
I know that this school has one of the world’s finest foreign language programs -- which means that your English is much better than my Korean. (Laughter.) All I can say is, kamsa hamnida. (Applause.)
我知道贵校拥有世界上最好的外语学习项目之一，这就是说你们的英语比我的韩语要好得多。（笑声）我只能说kamsa hamnida（韩文，意为“谢谢”）。（掌声）
Now, this is my third visit to the Republic of Korea as President. I've now been to Seoul more times than any other capital -- except for Washington, D.C., of course. This reflects the extraordinarybonds between our two countries and our commitment to each other. I’m pleased that we’re joined by so many leaders here today, Koreans and Americans, who help keep us free and strong and prosperous every day. That includes our first Korean-American ambassador to the Republic of Korea -- Ambassador Sung Kim. (Applause.)
这是我作为总统对大韩民国的第三次访问。我到访首尔的次数超过了访问任何其他国家首都的次数——当然除了华盛顿以外。这体现了我们两国之间不同寻常的关系和相互支持。我非常高兴，今天有如此众多的使我们每天享有自由、强大和繁荣的韩美领导人在座，其中包括我国首次由美国韩裔担任的驻韩大使——金成（Sung Kim）大使。（掌声）
I’ve seen the deep connections between our peoples in my own life -- among friends, colleagues. I’ve seen it so many patriotic Korean Americans, including a man born in this city of Seoul, who came to America and has dedicated his life to lifting up the poor and sick of the world. And last week I was proud to nominate him to lead the World Bank -- Dr. Jim Yong Kim. (Applause.)
我在自己的生活中看到了我们两国人民之间根深叶茂的联系——在朋友和同事中间。我看到，有如此多的爱国的美国韩裔——包括一个出生在首尔市的人——到美国后毕生致力于帮助世界上的穷人和病人摆脱困境。上个星期，我荣幸地提名他为世界银行（World Bank）行长——金辰勇（Jim Yong Kim）博士。（掌声）
I’ve also seen the bonds in our men and women in uniform, like the American and Korean troops I visited yesterday along the DMZ -- Freedom’s Frontier. And we salute their service and are very grateful for them. We honor all those who have given their lives in our defense, including the 46 brave souls who perished aboard the Cheonan two years ago today. And in their memory we reaffirmthe enduring promise at the core of our alliance -- we stand together, and the commitment of the United States to the defense and the security of the Republic of Korea will never waver. (Applause.)
我还看到了我们两国身着军装的男女军人之间的纽带，我昨天在被称为自由前沿（Freedom’s Frontier）的非军事区所访问的美韩部队就是这样。他们为国效力，我们向他们致敬，并向他们表示深切的感谢。我向所有为保卫我们而捐躯的军人表示敬意，包括两年前的今天在“天安”号（Cheonan）上逝去的46个英魂。为了纪念他们，我们重申作为两国同盟的核心的持久承诺——我们站在一起，我们对大韩民国的防卫与安全所作的承诺永不动摇。（掌声）
Most of all, I see the strength of our alliance in all of you. For decades, this school has produced leaders -- public servants, diplomats, business people -- who’ve helped propel the modern miracle that is Korea-- transforming it from crushing poverty to one of the world’s most dynamic economies; from authoritarianismto a thriving democracy; from a country focused inward to a leader for security and prosperity not only in this region but also around the world -- a truly “Global Korea.”
最重要的是，我们从你们大家身上看到了两国同盟的力量。数十年来，贵校培养了各方面的领军人物——为推动韩国这一现代奇迹向前迈进而作出贡献的公务员、外交人员和工商界人士，他们把韩国从一个极度贫穷的国家变成世界上最有活力的经济体之一，把它从一个专制国家变成一个欣欣向荣的民主国家，从一个仅关注自身的内向国家变成一个带头维护本地区乃至全世界安全与繁荣的国家——一个真正的“全球韩国”。
So to all the students here today, this is the Korea your generation will inherit. And I believe there's no limits to what our two nations can achieve together. For like your parents and grandparents before you, you know that the future is what we make of it. And you know that in our digital age, we can connect and innovate across borders like never before -- with your smart phones and Twitter and Me2Day and Kakao Talk. (Laughter and applause.) It’s no wonder so many people around the world have caught the Korean Wave, Hallyu. (Applause.)
因此，我要对今天所有在座的学生们说，这就是你们这一代人将要传承的韩国。我相信，我们两国可以共同做到的事是没有限度的。就像你们的父辈和祖辈，你们也知道未来是靠我们自己来创造的。你们知道，在我们这个数字化时代，我们能够做到从未做过的，通过你们的智能电话、推特、Me2Day（小编注：韩国提供微博服务的网站）和Kakao Talk（小编注：韩国的一种通讯应用程序），穿越国境进行联系和开展创新。（笑声和掌声）难怪世界上有这么多人着迷于韩流，Hallyu。（掌声）
Or consider this: In advance of my visit, our embassy invited Koreans to send us your questions using social media. Some of you may have sent questions. And they called it, "Ask President Obama." Now, one of you -- maybe it was you, maybe it was somebody else -- this is true -- asked this question: “Have you posted, yourself, a supportive opinion on a website under a disguised name, pretending you are one of the supporters of President Obama?” (Laughter.) I hadn’t thought of this. (Laughter.) But the truth is I have not done this. Maybe my daughters have. (Laughter.) But I haven’t done that myself.
再考虑一下这一点：在我到访前，我国大使馆邀请韩国人通过社会媒体向我们提出你们的问题。你们有些人可能已经发送了问题。他们将此称为，“问一问奥巴马总统”。你们当中有一个人——或许是你，或许是别人——这是真的——问了这么一个问题：“你本人有没有假装成奥巴马总统的一个拥护者，在某个网站上用假名贴出表达支持奥巴马总统意见的帖子？”（笑声）我没有想到过要这么做。（笑声）事实是，我没有这么做过。也许我的女儿们这么做了。（笑声）但我自己没这么做过。
So our shared future -- and the unprecedentedopportunity to meet shared challenges together -- is what brings me to Seoul. Over the next two days, under President Lee’s leadership, we’ll move ahead with the urgent work of preventing nuclear terrorism by securing the world’s nuclear materials. This is an important part of the broader, comprehensive agenda that I want to talk with you about today -- our vision of a world without nuclear weapons.
因此，我们共同的未来，以及我们一道应对共同挑战的前所未有的机会，是我前来首尔的目的。在今后两天里，在李明博（Lee）总统的主持下，我们将开展一项紧急工作，通过确保全世界核材料的安全来防止核恐怖主义。这是我今天想跟你们谈一谈的更广泛、更全面的议程的一个重要部分——我们关于一个没有核武器的世界的愿景。
Three years ago, I traveled to Prague and I declared America’s commitment to stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and to seeking a world without them. I said I knew that this goal would not be reached quickly, perhaps not in my lifetime, but I knew we had to begin, with concrete steps. And in your generation, I see the spirit we need in this endeavor -- an optimism that beats in the hearts of so many young people around the world. It’s that refusal to accept the world as it is, the imagination to see the world as it ought to be, and the courage to turn that vision into reality. So today, with you, I want to take stock of our journey and chart our next steps.
三年前，我前往布拉格，宣布美国承诺制止核武器扩散，寻求一个无核武器的世界。我当时说我知道这个目标不可能很快实现，也许在我的有生之年没有可能，但我知道我们必须开始行动，并采取具体步骤。在你们这一代，我看到我们作出这一努力所需要的精神——洋溢在全世界各地如此多的年轻人心中的乐观情绪。这就是不甘于世界的现状，要求实现世界应有状态的想象力和让这一愿望转变为现实的勇气。所以，今天，我想与你们一起确定我们的历程并规划下一步行动。
Here in Seoul, more than 50 nations will mark our progress toward the goal we set at the summit I hosted two years ago in Washington -- securing the world’s vulnerable nuclear materials in four years so that they never fall into the hands of terrorists. And since then, nations -- including the United States -- have boosted security at nuclear facilities.
在汉城，为了实现两年前我们在华盛顿由我主持华盛顿峰会期间制定的目标，50多个国家将取得我们的进展。预定的目标要求在4年内保障全世界危险的核材料的安全，永远不使这些材料落入恐怖主义分子之手。从那时起，各国——包括美国在内——都增强了核设施的安全。
South Korea, Japan, Pakistan and others are building new centers to improve nuclear security and training. Nations like Kazakhstan have moved nuclear materials to more secure locations. Mexico, and just yesterday Ukraine, have joined the ranks of nations that have removed all the highly enriched uranium from their territory. All told, thousands of pounds of nuclear material have been removed from vulnerable sites around the world. This was deadly material that is now secure and can now never be used against a city like Seoul.
韩国、日本、巴基斯坦等国正在建设新的中心，加强核安全和训练。例如萨克斯坦等国已经把核材料转移到更安全的地方。墨西哥已和其他国家一起从本国国土上消除所有的高浓缩铀。昨天乌克兰也加入了这个行列。总而言之，数千磅核材料已从全世界安全环节薄弱的设施被消除。这些都是致命的材料，如今已有保障，再也不会被用于袭击像首尔这样的城市。
We’re also using every tool at our disposal to break up black markets and nuclear material. Countries like Georgia and Moldova have seized highly enriched uranium from smugglers. And countries like Jordan are building their own counter-smuggling teams, and we’re tying them together in a global network of intelligence and law enforcement. Nearly 20 nations have now ratified the treaties and international partnerships that are at the center of our efforts. And I should add that with the death of Osama bin Laden and the major blows that we’ve struck against al Qaeda, a terrorist organization that has actively sought nuclear weapons is now on the path to defeat.
我们还利用我们所掌握的每一个工具，打击黑市和核材料走私。格鲁吉亚和摩尔多瓦等国已从走私犯手中截获了高浓缩铀。约旦等国家正在建立自己的反走私队伍，我们把他们联合起来组成一个情报和执法的全 球网络。近20个国家已经批准了作为我们核心工作的条约和国际合作伙伴关系。我要补充说，在我们击毙乌萨马·本·拉登并重创基地组织后，这个妄图寻求核武器的恐怖主义组织正在走向毁灭。
So in short, the international community has made it harder than ever for terrorists to acquire nuclear weapons, and that has made us all safer. We’re building an international architecture that can ensure nuclear safety. But we’re under no illusions. We know that nuclear material, enough for many weapons, is still being stored without adequate protection. And we know that terrorists and criminal gangs are still trying to get their hands on it -- as well as radioactive material for a dirty bomb. We know that just the smallest amount of plutonium -- about the size of an apple -- could kill hundreds of thousands and spark a global crisis. The danger of nuclear terrorism remains one of the greatest threats to global security.
因此简言之，国际社会已经比以往任何时候都让恐怖主义分子更难获取核武器，使我们大家更安全。我们正在建立一个可以确保核安全的国际架构。但我们并不心存幻想。我们知道，足以制造许多武器的核材料仍然储藏在缺乏足够保护的地方。我们知道，恐怖主义分子和犯罪团伙仍有觊觎之心——还包括制作脏弹的放射性材料。我们知道，数量很少的一点点钚——约一个苹果大小——就可以杀死成千上万的人，并引发一场全球性危机。核恐怖主义的危险仍然是对全球安全最大的威胁之一。
And that's why here in Seoul, we need to keep at it. And I believe we will. We’re expecting dozens of nations to announce over the next several days that they’ve fulfilled the promises they made two years ago. And we’re now expecting more commitments -- tangible, concrete action -- to secure nuclear materials and, in some cases, remove them completely. This is the serious, sustained global effort that we need, and it's an example of more nations bearing the responsibility and the costs of meeting global challenges. This is how the international community should work in the 21st century. And Korea is one of the key leaders in this process.
这就是为什么我们需要在首尔再接再厉。而且我相信我们能做到。我们期待着几十个国家在未来几天宣布，他们已经完成了他们两年前作出的承诺。现在，我们正期待更多的承诺——切实的具体行动——保障核材料的安全，在有些情况下完全消除核材料。这是我们需要进行的认真和持续的全球性努力。这是更多的国家为应对全球性挑战承担责任和代价的一个范例。这说明国际社会在21世纪应该如何工作。韩国是这个过程的主导力量之一。
The United States will continue to do our part -- securing our own material and helping others protect theirs. We’re moving forward with Russia to eliminate enough plutonium for about 17,000 nuclear weapons and turn it instead into electricity. I can announce today a new agreement by the United States and several European partners toward sustaining the supply of medical isotopes that are used to treat cancer and heart disease without the use of highly enriched uranium. And we will work with industry and hospitals and research centers in the United States and around the world, to recover thousands of unneeded radiological materials so that they can never do us harm.
美国将继续尽我们的职责——保护我们自己的核材料，也帮助他人保护他们的核材料。我们正在与俄罗斯一起努力，销毁足以制造约17,000件核武器的钚，使其转换为电能。我今天可以宣布，美国和几个欧洲合作伙伴已达成的新协议，保障治疗癌症和心脏病的医用同位素的供应，不再使用高浓缩铀。我们将与美国和全世界有关行业、医院和研究中心共同努力，回收数千项不需要的放射性材料，使它们不能危害我们。
Now, American leadership has been essential to progress in a second area -- taking concrete steps towards a world without nuclear weapons. As a party to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, this is our obligation, and it’s one that I take very seriously. But I believe the United States has a unique responsibility to act -- indeed, we have a moral obligation. I say this as President of the only nation ever to use nuclear weapons. I say it as a Commander-in-Chief who knows that our nuclear codes are never far from my side. Most of all, I say it as a father, who wants my two young daughters to grow up in a world where everything they know and love can’t be instantly wiped out.
美国的领导地位对于在第二个领域取得进步是必不可少的——采取具体措施实现无核武器的世界。作为《不扩散核武器条约》（Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty）的缔约国，这是我们的义务，是一个我非常认真地对待的义务。我相信美国有独特的责任采取行动——事实上，我们有道德的义务。我这样说，作为有史以来唯一使用过核武器的国家的总统。我这样说，作为一名总司令，我知道我们的核武器密码从来没有远离过我的身旁。最重要的是，我这样说，也作为一位父亲，他希望自己两个年幼的女儿，能够在一个她们所熟悉和喜爱的一切都不会被立即化为乌有的世界上成长。
Over the past three years, we’ve made important progress. With Russia, we’re now reducing our arsenal under the New START Treaty -- the most comprehensive arms control agreement in nearly 20 years. And when we’re done, we will have cut American and Russian deployed nuclear warheads to their lowest levels since the 1950s.
过去三年以来，我们取得了重要进展。我们与俄罗斯基于《削减战略武器新条约》（（New START Treaty）——这是近20 来最为全面的军备控制协议——正在削减我们的核武库。在完成这一轮削减后，美国和俄罗斯将把核弹头部署数量减少到自上世纪50年代以来的最低水平。
As President, I changed our nuclear posture to reduce the number and role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy. I made it clear that the United States will not develop new nuclear warheads. And we will not pursue new military missions for nuclear weapons. We’ve narrowed the range of contingencies under which we would ever use or threaten to use nuclear weapons. At the same time, I’ve made it clear that so long as nuclear weapons exist, we’ll work with our Congress to maintain a safe, secure and effective arsenal that guarantees the defense not only of the United States but also our allies -- including South Korea and Japan.
作为美国总统，我改变了我们的核武器态势以减少核武器数量及其在我们的国家安全战略中的作用。我明确表示，美国将不发展新的核弹头，我们将不进行有关核武器的新的军事使命。我们缩小了可能使用或威胁使用核武器的突发事件的范围。与此同时，我也明确表示，只要核武器还存在一天，我就将与我们的国会共同努力来维持一个安全、有保障并且有效的核武库，不仅能保卫美国，而且能保卫我们的盟国——包括韩国和日本。
My administration’s nuclear posture recognizes that the massive nuclear arsenal we inherited from the Cold War is poorly suited to today’s threats, including nuclear terrorism. So last summer, I directed my national security team to conduct a comprehensive study of our nuclear forces. That study is still underway. But even as we have more work to do, we can already say with confidence that we have more nuclear weapons than we need. Even after New START, the United States will still have more than 1,500 deployed nuclear weapons, and some 5,000 warheads.
本届政府的核态势体现这样一种认识，即我们从冷战时期所继承的巨大的核武库不能适应包括核恐怖主义在内的当代威胁。因此，去年夏天，我指示我的国家安全班子对我们的的核力量进行全面考察，这项工作仍在进行。但即使仍有许多工作待做，我们已经能够有把握地说，我们拥有的核武器超出我们的需要。即使在落实《削减战略武器新条约》以后，美国部署的核武器仍将超过1,500多件并拥有大约5,000枚弹头。
